தென்னாபிரிக்க முன்னாள் ஜனாதிபதி நெல்சன் மண்டேலா காலமானார்
அவரது குடும்ப உறுப்பினர்கள் அவரது இல்லத்தில் சூழ்ந்திருக்கையில் அவரது உயிர் பிரிந்துள்ளது.
இரண்டு நாட்களுக்கு முன்னர்தான் அவரது மகள் மகஸிவே மண்டேலா, நெல்சன் மண்டேலா அவரது மரணப்படுக்கையில் மிகவும் தைரியமான ஒரு போராட்டத்தை நடத்திக்கொண்டிருக்கிறார் என்று கூறியிருந்தார்.
மண்டேலா மருத்துவமனையில் இருந்து செப்டம்பர் மாதம் வீடு திரும்பியதிலிருந்து ,அவரது இல்லத்திலேயே மருத்துவ சிகிச்சையைப் பெற்றுக்கொண்டிருந்தார் என்பது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது.
சிறு குறிப்புக்கள்
ஜூலை 18, 1918 இல் பிறந்த நெல்சன் மண்டேலா தென்னாப்பிரிக்காவின் மக்களாட்சி முறையில் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்ட முதல் குடியரசுத் தலைவர் ஆவார். அதற்கு முன்னர் நிறவெறிக்கு எதிராகப் போராடிய முக்கிய தலைவர்களுள் ஒருவராக இருந்தார்.
தொடக்கத்தில் அறப்போர் (வன்முறையற்ற) வழியில் நம்பிக்கை கொண்டிருந்த இவர், பிறகு ஆப்பிரிக்க தேசிய காங்கிரஸின் இராணுவப் பிரிவுக்கு தலைமை தாங்கினார். இவர்கள் மரபுசாரா கெரில்லாப் போர்முறைத் தாக்குதலை நிறவெறி அரசுக்கு எதிராக நடத்தினர்.
மண்டேலாவின் 27 ஆண்டு சிறைவாசம், நிறவெறிக் கொடுமையின் பரவலாக அறியப்பட்ட சாட்சியமாக விளங்குகிறது. சிறையின் பெரும்பாலான காலத்தை இவர் ராபன் தீவில் சிறிய சிறை அறையில் கழித்தார்.
1990 இல் அவரது விடுதலைக்கு பிறகு அமைதியான முறையில் புதிய தென்னாப்பிரிக்கக் குடியரசு மலர்ந்தது. மண்டேலா, உலகில் அதிகம் மதிக்கப்படும் தலைவர்களில் ஒருவராக விளங்குகிறார்.
தொண்ணூற்று ஐந்து வயதான மண்டேலா, இனவெறி ஆட்சியில் ஊறிக்கிடந்த தென்னாபிரிக்காவை மக்களாட்சியின் மிளிர்வுக்கு இட்டுச் சென்றவர் என்பதும் குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது.
அமைதிவழிப் போராளியாக, ஆயுதப் போராட்டத் தலைவனாக, தேசத்துரோகக் குற்றம் சுமத்தப்பட்ட குற்றவாளியாக, 27 ஆண்டுகள் சிறையில் வாடி பின்னர் விடுதலையாகி குடியரசு தலைவராக, அமைதிக்கான நோபல் பரிசு பெற்றவராக இவரின் அரசியல் பயணம் தொடர்ந்தது.
உலக சமாதானத்துக்காக மண்டேலா ஆற்றிய சேவைகளைப் பாராட்டி அவர் சிறையில் இருக்கும்போதே இந்திய அரசு "நேரு சமாதான விருது" வழங்கியது. கணவர் சார்பில் வின்னி டெல்லிக்கு வந்து அந்த விருதைப் பெற்றார்.
1990-ல் இந்தியாவின் 'பாரத ரத்னா' விருதும் வழங்கப்பட்டது.
1993இல் உலக அமைதிக்கான நோபல் பரிசும் இவருக்கு வழங்கப்பட்டது. அமைதி மற்றும் நல்லிணக்கத்துக்கான மகாத்மா காந்தி சர்வதேச விருது நெல்சன் மண்டேலாவுக்கு வழங்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.
தென்னாப்பிரிக்க தலைவர் நெல்சன் மண்டேலாவின் பிறந்த நாளான ஜூலை 18ம் தேதியை சர்வதேச நெல்சன் மண்டேலா தினமாக ஐ.நா அறிவித்துள்ளது.
மேலும் உடல் நலம் பாதிக்கப்பட்ட நிலையில் 2013 ஜூன் மாதம் 8-ம் தேதி மண்டேலா பிரிட்டோரியாவில் உள்ள மருத்துவமனையில் அனுமதிக்கப்பட்டார். அவரது உடல்நலம் கவலைக்கிடமாக உள்ளது என தென்னாப்பிரிக்க ஜனாதிபதி ஜேக்கப் சுமாவின் அலுவலகம் 2013 ஜூன் 23-ம் தேதி அறிவித்துள்ளது.
மண்டேலாவின் உடல்நிலை தொடர்ந்து கவலைக்கிடமாக உள்ளதால், நெல்சன் மண்டேலாவின் நெருங்கிய உறவினர்கள் அனைவரும் பூர்வீக வீட்டிற்கு அவசரமாக வரவழைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளனர்.
இந்நிலையில் இன்று இரவு 8:50 மணியளவில் மண்டேலாவின் உயிர் பிரிந்துள்ளது.
Nelson Mandela, the former South African president whose stubborn defiance survived 27 years in prison and led to the dismantling of the country's racist and brutal apartheid system, has died. Mandela was 95 years old.
South Africa's president says Nelson Mandela has died at age 95. Jacob Zuma says "We've lost our greatest son," South African President Jacob Zuma said in announcing Mandela's death.
Mandela had a number of issues with his health in recent years including repeated hospitalizations with a chronic lung infection. Mandela had been listed in "serious but stable condition" after entering the hospital in June before returning to home to receive continued medical care.
In April, Mandela spent 18 days in the hospital due to a lung infection and was treated for gall stones in December 2012.
Mandela's public appearances had become increasingly rare as he dealt with his declining health.
His last public appearance was in July of 2010, when he attended the final match and closing ceremonies of the soccer World Cup held in South Africa.
In 2011, Mandela met privately with Michelle Obama when the first lady and her daughters traveled to South Africa.
Mandela and the Legacy He Leaves Behind
One of the giants of the 20th century, Mandela's career was marked not only by his heroic resistance to racism, but also by his poised and soft spoken demeanor.
After enduring nearly three decades of prison, much of it at hard labor in a lime quarry, Mandela emerged as a gentle leader who became South Africa's first black president. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his leadership in ending apartheid without violence, and later became a global statesman who inspired millions people around the world.
Mandela was born in 1918, the son of a tribal leader, in a remote village in South Africa.
His tribal name, Rolihlahla, meant "troublemaker," a moniker Mandela would more than live up to in his lifetime.
In 1952, he emerged onto the national stage when he helped organize the first country-wide protests called the Defiance Campaign. That same year he opened the country's first black law firm.
Ruth Mopati, his secretary at the firm, wrote about the way he was then in the book "Mandela," saying, "He was able to relate to people with respect and therefore he was respected in return."
While Mandela's party, the African National Congress, had always been dedicated to non-violence, in 1960 the ANC was banned to prevent further protests after police shot dead 69 black protestors in what became known as the Sharpeville massacre.
The events radicalized the organization and led to the creation of the ANC military wing, for which Mandela became its first commander in 1961.
In 1962, Mandela was sent to prison on a charge of inciting a strike.
"At 1:30 in the morning, on March 30, I was awakened by sharp, unfriendly knocks at my door, the unmistakable signature of the police. 'The time has come,' I said to myself as I opened the door to find half a dozen armed security policemen," Mandela said.
Two years later, Mandela was sentenced to life in prison for sabotage and conspiracy to overthrow the white government. Much of the next 27 years in prison were spent in the infamous Robben Island prison where he did hard labor in a lime quarry.
During his nearly three decades behind bars, Mandela would become a myth. The government even banned any use of Mandela's image or words, leaving a whole generation to grow up knowing little about the world's most famous political prisoner.
Nelson Mandela Teamed Up With White Leader F.W. de Klerk
Mandela spoke about his time in his autobiography: "A nation should not be judged by how it treats its highest citizens, but its lowest ones -- and South Africa treated its imprisoned African citizens like animals."
Nelson Mandela, the former South African president whose stubborn defiance survived 27 years in prison and led to the dismantling of the country's racist and brutal apartheid system, has died. Mandela was 95 years old.
South Africa's president says Nelson Mandela has died at age 95. Jacob Zuma says "We've lost our greatest son," South African President Jacob Zuma said in announcing Mandela's death.
Mandela had a number of issues with his health in recent years including repeated hospitalizations with a chronic lung infection. Mandela had been listed in "serious but stable condition" after entering the hospital in June before returning to home to receive continued medical care.
In April, Mandela spent 18 days in the hospital due to a lung infection and was treated for gall stones in December 2012.
Mandela's public appearances had become increasingly rare as he dealt with his declining health.
His last public appearance was in July of 2010, when he attended the final match and closing ceremonies of the soccer World Cup held in South Africa.
In 2011, Mandela met privately with Michelle Obama when the first lady and her daughters traveled to South Africa.
Mandela and the Legacy He Leaves Behind
One of the giants of the 20th century, Mandela's career was marked not only by his heroic resistance to racism, but also by his poised and soft spoken demeanor.
After enduring nearly three decades of prison, much of it at hard labor in a lime quarry, Mandela emerged as a gentle leader who became South Africa's first black president. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his leadership in ending apartheid without violence, and later became a global statesman who inspired millions people around the world.
Mandela was born in 1918, the son of a tribal leader, in a remote village in South Africa.
His tribal name, Rolihlahla, meant "troublemaker," a moniker Mandela would more than live up to in his lifetime.
In 1952, he emerged onto the national stage when he helped organize the first country-wide protests called the Defiance Campaign. That same year he opened the country's first black law firm.
Ruth Mopati, his secretary at the firm, wrote about the way he was then in the book "Mandela," saying, "He was able to relate to people with respect and therefore he was respected in return."
While Mandela's party, the African National Congress, had always been dedicated to non-violence, in 1960 the ANC was banned to prevent further protests after police shot dead 69 black protestors in what became known as the Sharpeville massacre.
The events radicalized the organization and led to the creation of the ANC military wing, for which Mandela became its first commander in 1961.
In 1962, Mandela was sent to prison on a charge of inciting a strike.
"At 1:30 in the morning, on March 30, I was awakened by sharp, unfriendly knocks at my door, the unmistakable signature of the police. 'The time has come,' I said to myself as I opened the door to find half a dozen armed security policemen," Mandela said.
Two years later, Mandela was sentenced to life in prison for sabotage and conspiracy to overthrow the white government. Much of the next 27 years in prison were spent in the infamous Robben Island prison where he did hard labor in a lime quarry.
During his nearly three decades behind bars, Mandela would become a myth. The government even banned any use of Mandela's image or words, leaving a whole generation to grow up knowing little about the world's most famous political prisoner.
Nelson Mandela Teamed Up With White Leader F.W. de Klerk
Mandela spoke about his time in his autobiography: "A nation should not be judged by how it treats its highest citizens, but its lowest ones -- and South Africa treated its imprisoned African citizens like animals."
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